Chess Puzzles vs Effective Cost

X = effective cost (log). Y = Chess Puzzles. Epoch’s 100 novel chess positions, presented as text (FEN). Exact best-next-move accuracy; no vision input. Chess knowledge and planning both contribute.

Chess Puzzles vs Effective Cost
X = effective cost (log). Y = Chess Puzzles. Epoch’s 100 novel chess positions, presented as text (FEN). Exact best-next-move accuracy; no vision input. Chess knowledge and planning both contribute.
Controls:
Chess Puzzles1:1Cost

How to read this chart

Each point is a public model. The chart compares Chess Puzzles (%) against Effective Cost (per 1M I/O Tokens), with color showing the model provider.