Abstract Reasoning

A bird's-eye view of the dimension: the main IQ chart, the effective-cost frontier, and the benchmark charts that feed it.

Abstract Reasoning IQ Bell Curve
Each model's estimated Abstract Reasoning IQ, placed on a standard normal IQ distribution.

How to read this chart

Models are placed on a standard IQ-style distribution using Abstract Reasoning IQ. Higher scores appear farther to the right.

Benchmarks in this dimension

Abstract Reasoning IQ vs Cost
Each model's estimated Abstract Reasoning IQ against its effective cost per 1M I/O Tokens (sticker price × measured or imputed usage multiplier).
Controls:
Abstract1:1Cost

How to read this chart

Each point is a public model. The chart compares Abstract Reasoning IQ against Effective Cost (per 1M I/O Tokens), with color showing the model provider.

Chess Puzzles Scores
Epoch’s 100 novel chess positions, presented as text (FEN). Exact best-next-move accuracy; no vision input. Chess knowledge and planning both contribute. Contributes to Abstract Reasoning using a provisional calibrated scale.

How to read this chart

Bars rank models by the source-backed benchmark value used for this chart. Longer bars indicate higher published scores.

Data sources
Data updated Oct 5, 2026
ARC-AGI-2 Scores
Each model's ARC-AGI-2 score. Color = provider.

How to read this chart

Bars rank models by the source-backed benchmark value used for this chart. Longer bars indicate higher published scores.

Data sources
Data updated Oct 8, 2026
ARC-AGI-1 Benchmark Scores
Each model's ARC-AGI-1 score. Color = provider.

How to read this chart

Bars rank models by the source-backed benchmark value used for this chart. Longer bars indicate higher published scores.

Data sources
Data updated Oct 8, 2026
Mystery Game Puzzles Scores
Epoch’s 100 text-state puzzles in an undisclosed game. Best-next-move accuracy in a minimal agent scaffold; invalid or missing moves receive no credit. Prompts and transcripts are private. Contributes to Abstract Reasoning using a provisional calibrated scale.

How to read this chart

Bars rank models by the source-backed benchmark value used for this chart. Longer bars indicate higher published scores.

Data sources
Data updated Oct 10, 2026
ARC-AGI-3 Benchmark Scores
Each model's ARC-AGI-3 score. Color = provider.

How to read this chart

Bars rank models by the source-backed benchmark value used for this chart. Longer bars indicate higher published scores.

Data sources
Data updated Oct 7, 2026